Biography:

Daniel Alfonso Gonzalez Acuna has completed his PhD in the Institute of Wildlife at the Veterinary Medicine Superior School of Hannover, Germany. He is a Veterinarian, specialized in diseases of wild birds, mainly on the relation with their parasites and also a full Professor in the University of Concepcion, Chile. He has developed different research projects about parasites in wild birds. He has published about 150 papers in national and international journals

Abstract:

Ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae, Argasidae) are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrates in some or all postembryonic stages. Several species are vectors of agents that may cause disease and even kill their vertebrate hosts; ticks may also cause dermatoses and loss of blood and they can inoculate toxins. Globally, the superfamily Ixodoidea contains the families Argasidae (208 species), Ixodidae (722 species) and the African Nuttalliellidae (monotipic). In the Neotropical region, a total of 200 tick species have been documented; 84 soft ticks and 116 hard ticks. In Chile, before 2006, approximately 20 tick species were known to inhabit Chile. In the last 10 years, the biogeographic and taxonomic knowledge has increased markedly due to two research projects by our group that allowed us to detect new findings and make new descriptions of ticks in Chile. We have collected during 7 years (360 days of field work) ticks of different hosts and environments in the 14 eco-regions of Chile, including the Antarctic Territory. We have developed the biological cycles under laboratory conditions, determined new species and new records of ticks for Chile and recently also, we have been researching the role of ticks as reservoirs of pathogens. The knowledge of Chilean ticks is increasing, being as we describe 31 ticks present in Chile, five of them new species. We have developed the complete biological cycles of four soft ticks. With respect to tick borne diseases, some Chilean tick species are threats to human health and others to domestic animals. Ornithodoros amblus and O. spheniscus cause severe discomfort in humans; Otobius megnini can play a role in the maintenance of Coxiella burneti in nature and cause Otitis in humans; Argas neghmei may cause erythema, pruritus and skin discoloration. Rhipicephalus sanguineus has been responsible for the arthropod bites of humans in Chile and is actually the most common ticks in domestic animals in the country and its bite has been correlated with the transmission of Rickettsiae to humans and animals. Recently, we have described the new bacteria Borrelia chilensis in Ixodes sigelos and Rickettsia sp., in Amblyomma parvitarsum from different localities. The integration of this knowledge will finally allow the implementation of management measures to prevent or anticipate emergent disease transmission between animal and human populations.

Biography:

Magdi Mohamed Waheed has completed his PhD from Cairo University and Professor Degree from Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. He has published more than 21 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of repute.

Abstract:

Forty-eight ejaculates were obtained from four Arab stallions to study the impact of three extenders (INRA Freeze^®, Tris egg-yolk and E-Z mixin) on the fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed sperm. Semen samples were diluted using the extenders with a dilution rate of 1:1 and 1:2 and cryopreserved in 0.5 ml plastic straws. Frozen straws were thawed either at 37 °C for 30 sec or 75 °C for 7 sec. Results revealed that the percentages of progressive sperm motility, live sperm and abnormalities and characters of sperm motility like path velocity (VAP, μm/s), straight line velocity (VSL, μm/s), point to point velocity (VCL, μm/s) and lateral head displacement (ALH, μm) were significantly (P<0.01) better in the INRA Freeze^® extender after thawing at 37 °C with dilution rate 1:1 and 1:2. Sperm progressive motility after thawing at 75 °C were significantly (P<0.01) higher by using INRA freeze^® and E-Z mixin extenders at rates of dilution 1:1 and 1:2. The conception rate in 40 Arab mares using 300 million forward motile sperm per insemination was significantly (P<0.01) higher by using INRA freeze^® extender that thawed at 37 °C at dilution rate of 1:1 (50%) than 1:2 (20%). The use of two times inseminations gave significantly (P<0.01) better results (50%) than the use of one time insemination (28.57%). In conclusion, the fertilizing capacity of the frozen-thawed Arabian horse sperm was the best by using INRA freeze^® extender in a dilution rate of 1:1 and two times inseminations.

Biography:

Nguyen Thi Nga has completed her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine at Hue University of Agricultural and Forestry, Vietnam, Master of Science in the field of Animal Science at Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. She is currently pursuing her PhD studying on establishment of the efficiency diagnosis method for early detecting cattle fascioliasis applicable for field research in Central Vietnam one of the hot spot of human fascioliasis in the world.

Abstract:

Fascioliasis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Vietnam. It has been reported that infected cattle are mainly observed in low hilly and plain areas where cattle grazing place is shared with paddy fields or water plants for human consumption and prevalence of Fasciola spp., infection in cattle are rare in sandy and salty coastal plain areas. However, recently, high prevalence of cattle fascioliasis was reported in coastal area in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. Irrigation system has been constructed in coastal area from plain area for expanding paddy field. In this study, in order to investigate the impact of the irrigation system to the expansion of cattle fascioliasis in coastal area, prevalence of cattle fascioliasis and infectivity of intermediate host snail with Fasciola spp., were compared in coastal area with or without well-established irrigation system. Total of 205 cattle fecal samples and 2573 intermediate host snails of Fasciola spp., were collected from 4 communes with well-established irrigation system connected with pure water from plain area (area A; communes, Quang Ngan, Sia Town, Vinh My and Quang Phuoc) and from 4 communes where irrigation systems are partially constructed but not functionally working (area B; communes, Phu Dien, Quang Cong, Vinh Thanh and Thuan An). Prevalence of Fasciola spp., in cattle from communes in area A was 41.3% (25.0-52.2%), which was extremely higher than the prevalence in cattle from area B that was 8% (2.0-15.4%). Infectivity of intermediate host snails, Lymnaea spp., from area A and area B were 9.8% (6.3-50.0%) and 3.4% (0-5.7%), respectively. Considering that cattle fascioliasis rare in coastal area before irrigation systems were introduced, these results suggested that Fasciola parasites are introduced to coastal plain area from endemic plain area through irrigation system. Interestingly, the density of intermediate host snails were not different between area A (29.6 snail/m²) and area B (32.5 snail/m²), indicating the habitat for snails are not dependent on the irrigation system.

Biography:

Golnaz Sharafi has completed her DVM with excellent grade from Veterinary School in Tehran University, Iran. She is currently a R&D and Lab Officer in Viromed Laboratory. She has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and also attended several international conferences.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent etiologic agent of invasive Aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Economic significance of Aspergillus spp., in animal health is mainly characterized by their ability in production of mycotoxins and cause disease in respiratory system of poultry. The ability of a pathogen to adapt to a high temperature environment such as that in the host body is the key factor for the pathogenesis. HSP70 family of genes and their related proteins play a pivotal role in resistance of microbial cells to stressed conditions within host body. Here, we examined relative gene expression of heat-inducible HSP70 gene in environmental and clinical (from infected ostriches) isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Methods: The isolates were cultured at four temperature-points (20 °C, 30 °C, 37 °C and 42 °C) for five days, quantitative real-time PCR used to measure the relative gene expression of HSP70 gene in clinical isolates in comparison to Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 90906 standard strain which was incubated at 25 °C for five days.

Results: During entire five days HSP70 expression level in clinical samples was higher than in environmental samples (p<0.05, Mann Whitney U test). Difference in expression level between two groups at 42 °C was reduced. Mean HSP70 expression level of five incubation days showed a slow and constantly increasing pattern by temperature elevation in both groups at 30 °C, 37 °C and 42 °C but in contrary at 20 °C both groups demonstrated a decreasing expression pattern. Temperature shift from 20 °C to 42 °C resulted in a strong HSP70 induction and up to 10 and 8.6 fold change in its expression levels at the end of fifth day of incubation in clinical and environmental groups, respectively.

Conclusion: We concluded that two temperature-points including 37 °C and 42 °C are major temperature-points inducing HSP70 expression in Aspergillus fumigatus and cause highest expression shift in both experimental groups.

Biography:

Roseline Olobatoke has completed her PhD from North-West University, South Africa and Postdoctoral studies from the same university. She is a Senior Lecturer at the College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. She has published more than 12 papers in reputed journals and has served as a Reviewer for journals of repute.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella strains (NTS), isolated from broiler products in the North West Province of South Africa, to antimicrobials. A total of 60 NTS isolates recovered from raw broiler products and confirmed by PCR were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method, using a panel of ten antibiotics. The NTS isolates that were identified and used in this study include S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. newport. The antimicrobials used were ampicillin (10 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), amikacin (30 µg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole (25 µg), tetracycline (30 µg) cefotaxime (30 µg), meropenem (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg). Isolates resistant to ampicillin (n=48), tetracycline (n=60) and chloramphenicol (n=12) were further screened by PCR for antibiotic resistance genes, targeting the blaTEM, tet and cat genes. All the strains tested were resistant to two or more antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, meropenem, gentamycin and amikacin whereas all were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol was low, being 8.3%, 13.3% and 20% respectively. Multi-drug resistance was discovered in nine S. typhimurium strains, representing 15% of the tested isolates. In addition, the blaTEM gene was identified in 15 (31.3%) of the isolates screened, whereas the tet and cat genes were expressed in 12 (20%) and 6 (50%) resistant isolates respectively. The observations of this study indicate that NTS strains isolated from broiler products are resistant to multiple antibiotics, including quinolones.

Biography:

Madhurita Gupta is currently the President of Myvets Charitable Trust & Research Centre, India. She has expertise in emergency and critical care and has worked for years in United Kingdom. She is also involved in working with the world's most threatened and endangered species and has provided wild life treatment and care to elephants, chimpanzees, hanuman langur, marmosets & exotic birds before focusing solely on veterinary consultancy and training.

Abstract:

Conflict between wildlife and humans are increasing globally with the habitat destruction and the increase in the population of tigers, elephants and leopards in India. With the aim to develop a technology for safe handling of wildlife-human conflicts and safe patrolling in the wilderness “Myvets Charitable Trust & Research Centre” developed “Wildlife Rescue Bike”. In most of the reported cases of leopard rescue during conflicts majority of forest officials gets injured and there are incidences wherein villagers also got injured during the rescue operation while going near the leopards as conflict creates fear in the mind of people and they counteract by beating the wildlife to death or by killing them directly. New technologies will revolutionize the way we handle the wildlife-human conflicts and wildlife conservation, it can be used as a effective and powerful tool for wildlife conflicts mitigation worldwide. The device has been used in India in wildlife terrain and is very effective to provide safety to the forest officials & wildlife veterinarians during the leopard-human conflicts, night patrolling and during tranquilization of wild leopards and tigers for rescue.

Biography:

Charles E Short is an Emeritus Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, USA. He has completed his DVM at Auburn University in 1958. He is the Founding Charter Diplomate of American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists (1975) and Diplomate of European College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (1996). He has been honored with Dr.h.c. (doctor honoris causa) from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland in 2015 and received his Career Achievement Award from American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia in the same year. He has made a total of 352 publications including 155 journal publications; textbooks, Veterinary Anesthesia, 1974; The Principles and Practice of Veterinary Anesthesia, 1987 and Animal Pain, 1991; book chapters and other scientific publications. He is the Co-Founder of International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management. He has made 447 presentations and lectures for professional groups in the United States and 293 in 45 countries.

Abstract:

The management of anesthesia in animals has progressed significantly during the last 30 years. This in part is the result of the development of new and better anesthetics and anesthetic equipment. However this alone would not be enough. It was important to understand what combination of medications, dosages and expected responses in either healthy animals or those with major health problems putting them as high risk. Because of the combined efforts of members of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, safe and effective anesthesia has now become a standard of clinical practice. There are now established guidelines. It is not only important to select the better anesthetics and dosages but also to monitor during the perioperative period and be ready to respond to undesirable responses. This includes the management of fluids, oxygen concentrations and cardiovascular needs. If these are managed as they should be, assurance of maintaining desired brain function and post anesthetic recovery can be expected. Anesthetic management does not end with the placement of the last suture. Then it is necessary to follow through during recovery to assure the return to an awake state. Next is the management of post operative pain as the animal recovers from anesthesia. Even though we now have safe and effective anesthetics, a standard of care is needed for best results.